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Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical method used for monitoring of the tissue oxygenation. The method is based on the specific absorption of near infrared light by blood chromophores at various wavelengths. NIRS can be applied for transcranial monitoring of brain oxygenation. Time-domain NIRS allows for evaluation of changes of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations with depth discrimination i.e. selectively for extra- and intracerebral tissues. Imaging of changes of oxygenation in large brain regions is possible when large number of emission and detection points are located on the surface of the head. Recently developed time-resolved multichannel system for diffuse optical topography of the adult human brain cortex will be presented. Results of in-vivo experiments on healthy volunteers during stimulation of the visual cortex will be shown. Moreover, a minimally-invasive optical method allowing to assess cerebral blood perfusion will be presented. The method is based on combination of multi-channel time-domain diffuse near infrared reflectometry with intravenous administration of an optical contrast agent. Results of validation of the proposed method by Monte Carlo simulations, measurements on healthy subjects as well as on stroke patients will be presented.