On one hand, multiple   object detection approaches of Hough transform (HT) and Randomized HT types   have been extended into an evidence accumulation featured general framework for problem solving, with five key  mechanisms elaborated and several  extensions of HT and RHT presented. On the other hand, another framework is proposed to integrate  typical multi-learner based approaches for  problem solving, particularly on  Gaussian mixture based  data clustering and local subspace learning, multi-sets mixture based object detection and motion estimation, and multi-agent coordinated problem solving. Typical learning algorithms, especially those based on Rival Penalized Competitive Learning (RPCL) and  Bayesian Ying-Yang (BYY) learning, are summarized from  a unified perspective  with new extensions. Furthermore, the two different frameworks are not only examined with one viewed crossly from a perspective of the other, with new insights and extensions, but also  further unified into a general problem solving paradigm that   consists of five basic mechanisms in terms of   acquisition, allocation, amalgamation, admission, and affirmation}, or shortly  A5 paradigm.

徐雷 (香港中文大??座教授、IEEE Fellow、??模式????Fellow、?洲科?院院士), 75年起?工人，後考入哈工大77???士，?入清?大???士，再??已故著名??科?家常迥院士於86年完成博士?文。87年入北京大?在已故著名??家程民德院士和已故??科?家石青?院士的指?下做博士後，88年成?北大破格提拔的副教授之一。89年至93年，在芬?、加拿大、美?之四所大?（包括哈佛和麻省理工）?博士後、??科?家、高?研究?，於93年返香港任高???、96年任教授、02年任?座教授。二十?年?在模式??、神???、????中多?方向从事研究。?表的???文之被引用?量，? SCI-Expanded（SCI）逾1500而? Google Scholar (GS) 逾2500。前十篇?文的被引用?量逾900（SCI）和逾1800(GS)。最大?篇被引用量?316(SCI)或678(GS)，其?9 篇的?篇被引用量都分?在 41-109(SCI)或 58-178(GS)之?。?被?外30?本???著或教科?收入或引述。?邀在??主要??大?做大??告/特邀?告/???座40?次。?清?大??秀博士?文?、中?自?化??88年?青年?秀?文?、88年北京青年科技?、88年第一??家教委霍英?青年教??，93年?家自然科?四等?、95年???神???????人?。00年11月??IEEE Fellow, 02年????模式????Fellow和?洲科?院院士。此外,94年起被聘???期刊Neural Networks之首??人副?；94年也被聘IEEE Trans Neural Networks之副?，?被聘其他五?????期刊之副?。曾任??神?????理事、?太地?神?????主席、IEEE神??????算金融??委??主任。?任IEEE?算智能??Fellow委??成?。