From orangutans to helmeted hornbills to flying frogs, Southeast Asia harbors an extraordinarily rich fauna that is gravely threatened by two main forces: deforestation and, increasingly, capture for sale as pets, medicines, trophies, and trinkets. I will discuss how deforestation and the wildlife trade are affecting Southeast Asian biodiversity, with a focus on birds. I will also explore how we can use ecological and economic research to develop effective policies to counteract these threats – in some places, some of the time.