摘要：

Interface structure and the quantitative composition of morphology are
known to be critical for fullerene based bulk heterojunction solar
cells, yet have been very difficult to study previously due to a paucity
of characterization methods. Recently developed soft X-ray microscopy
and scattering tools provide new avenues and contribute substantially to
indentify the number of phases present in a device and to provide a
quantitative measurement of their composition variations and size
distribution. This led to the realization that mixed domains are
prevalent in OPVs and rather than just being detrimental can have
important beneficial contributions for charge generation and charge
transport. Furthermore, polarized x-ray scattering can reveal
preferential orientation of the donor polymer (edge-on or face-on)
relative to the fullerene aggregate interface. Such ordering has
previously not been observed nor controlled in fullerene-based solar
cells and is shown here to be a critical factor for high performance in
a number of systems.

*Biographical Sketch*

A native of Germany, H. Ade received his Ph.D. in 1990 in Physics from
Stony Brook University and after a postdoc also at Stony Brook
University has been a faculty at NCSU since Nov. 1992, rising through
the ranks to Full Professor by 2001. He has had an active and
continually funded research program and served as Director of Graduate
Program from 2006-2013. Recognitions include RD100 Award, NSF Young
Investigator Award, APS Fellow, AAAS Fellow, Alumni Outstanding Research
Award, and Shirley Award for Outstanding Science at the Advanced Light
Source. He has authored more than 230 publications and delivered more
than 200 invited presentations. Amongst other engagements, he has served
onthe Scientific Advisory Committee of the BESSY-II Synchrotron Facility
in Berlin, Germany, and the Helmholz Zentrum Berlin, Germany, and is
presently serving on theScientific Advisory Committee of the Advanced
Light Source.