简介: |
The dramatic increase in man-made radio frequency (RF) fields in the environment during the last few decades has led to public health concerns in many parts of the world. Specifically, questions have been raised on the safety of exposure to RF energy emitted from radar, television and radio communication systems, microwave ovens, video display terminals, and most recently, mobile telephones and base stations, Wi-Fi and WiMAX. The WHO EMF database now has more than 1900 original, peer-reviewed papers useful for public health risk assessment of RF exposure. In this presentation, recent epidemiological, human, animal and in vitro studies will be summarized. There have been many reported low intensity electromagnetic wave biological effects, but none of the “non-thermal effects” can be independently replicated or shown to be harmful. Reviews of independent expert panels and health authorities will be discussed also. All of these reviews have consistently concluded that there is no credible or convincing evidence that RF exposure within internationally accepted limits causes adverse human health effects. Proper engineering and biological study designs will be emphasized to ensure any observed effects are genuine RF-field induced effects and not due to experimental artifacts. RF dosimetry will be emphasized because the complexity of RF dosimetry is part of the reason why there are so many controversial reports in the literature. Recently developed standards for protecting human health as well as measurement standards for RF emitting devices for compliance requirements will be discussed. Safety standards include the IEEE C95.1 (3 kHz to 300 GHz) and C95.6 (0 to 3 kHz) human exposure standards and IEEE C95.7 RF safety program recommendations. The IEEE C95.1-2005 and C95.6-2002 standards will be compared to the 1998 guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. An overview of global RF safety regulations will be presented. Measurement standards to be discussed include IEEE 1528-2003 and IEC 62209.1-2005 (characterizing mobile phone exposure in the head) and IEC 62209 part 2 (two-way radios and body worn devices). Harmonization of both RF safety and measurement standards is important for minimizing confusion in global regulations and public concerns.
联系人:何金良 教授 |