学术活动发布与订制系统

Melisa Pollak is a Research Fellow at the University of Minnesota Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, specializing in low-carbon energy policy. She is involved in a number of projects studying the design and implementation of regulations for carbon capture with geologic sequestration. Her current research also examines states’ role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, focusing on how physical and social geography shape policy design and implementation. Pollak has published articles in Environmental Science and Technology and Climate Policy, and written white papers for the International Risk Governance Council and the CCSReg project. Before coming to the University of Minnesota, Pollak worked as a hydro-geologist at the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and as a geologist at Barr Engineering Company in Minneapolis. She received her master’s degree in science, technology and public policy from the Humphrey Institute, and her bachelor’s degree in geophysics from the University of Minnesota.

Melisa Pollak 是明尼苏达大学汉弗莱公共事务研究所一位从事低碳能源政策研究的研究员。她参与了一系列有关碳捕获与地质隔绝法规设计与实施相关的项目。Melisa Pollak研究员目前正在探讨国家在减少温室气体排放方面的角色，重点关注于地球物理与社会地理对政策设计和实施的影响。Melisa Pollak 在汉弗莱学院取得科学，技术和公共政策硕士学位，在明尼苏达大学取得地球物理学士学位。在美国明尼苏达大学担任研究员之前，Melisa Pollak研究员曾为明尼苏达州污染控制局水文地质学家，在明尼阿波利斯市巴尔工程公司从事地质学工作。

In the United States, states will play a crucial role in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions because states control many activities related to energy use, such as building codes, energy facility siting, and property rights. And across the U.S., states have very different natural resource endowments, economic circumstances, energy infrastructure and political interests, so they may prefer different greenhouse gas reduction strategies designed to minimize their particular risks and maximize their economic opportunities. This presentation examines the policy choices that states are making by analyzing the outcome of a natural policy experiment that occurred when a dozen states conducted climate action planning processes during the same time period, using the same consultant, and the same procedures. Results show that just ten strategies (of approximately 25 major strategies identified) account for nearly 90% of recommended greenhouse gas reductions in most states. But states plan to utilize these ten strategies in very different proportions, for example the Michigan plan recommends that 54% of its cuts come from efficiency and conservation in buildings, whereas Iowa only uses this strategy for 9% of its cuts. Understanding sub-national variation in states’ preferences for greenhouse gas reduction strategies has political implications in terms of the types of compromises needed to design federal climate policy capable of receiving 60 votes in the U.S. Senate, and practical implications in terms of the types of barriers that must be overcome to actually deploy low-carbon energy systems.

在美国，由于各州政府主导能源使用方面的社会活动，因此州政府在温室气体减排方面起到了至关重要的作用。不同的州有着不同的自然资源、经济环境、能源基础和政治利益，因此各州将会选择不同的温室气体减排策略以尽可能减少风险和最大化经济机遇。Melisa Pollak研究员将介绍她有关州政府政策选择方面的调查研究，她分析了在同一时期，美国诸州政府实施的政策和效果。结果显示，有10个（共25个）战略均被多数州高度采纳，但是所产生的减排比例却各不相同。了解各州之间关于温室气体减排战略偏好的差异，在政治意义上来说有助于设计联邦气候政策，在实际意义上来说有助于部署低碳能源系统。