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Abstract:
Ever since the wide range applications of laptop computers and cell phones, seeking of power sources for driving portable electronics is becoming increasingly important. The current technology mainly relies on rechargeable batteries. But for the near future, micro/nano-systems will be widely used in health monitoring, infrastructure and environmental monitoring, internet of things and defense technologies; the traditional batteries may not meet or may not be the choice as power sources for the following reasons. First, with the increasingly shrinkage in size, the size of the total micro/nano-systems could be largely dominated by the size of the battery rather than the devices. Second, the number and density of micro/nano-systems to be used for sensor network could be large, thus, replacing batteries for these mobile devices becoming challenging and even impractical. Lastly, the power needed to drive a micro/nano-system is rather small, in the range o f micro- to milli-Watt range. To meet these technological challenges, the author proposed the self-powering nanotechnology in 2005 [1-5], aiming at harvesting energy from the environment to power the micro/nano-systems based sensor network. We have invented an innovative approach for converting nano-scale mechanical energy into electric energy by piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowire arrays [2]. As today, a gentle straining can output 1-3 V from an integrated nanogenerator, using which a self-powered nanosensor has been demonstrated. A commercial LED has been lid up [6-7].
Due to the polarization of ions in a crystal that has non-central symmetry, a piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) is created in the crystal by applying a stress. The effect of piezopotential to the transport behavior of charge carriers is significant due to their multiple functionalities of piezoelectricity, semiconductor and photon excitation. Electronics fabricated by using inner-crystal piezopotential as a “gate” voltage to tune/control the charge transport behavior is named piezotronics [8]. Piezo-phototronic effect is a result of three-way coupling among piezoelectricity, photonic excitation and semiconductor transport, which allows tuning and controlling of electro-optical processes by strain induced piezopotential [9].
This talk will focus on the development of the nanogenerators from fundamental mechanism to engineering scale-up and potentially to manufacturing. I will also cover a newly created field of piezotronics for interfacing bio-triggering/action with CMOS electronics.
[1] Z.L. Wang “Self-powering nanotech”, Scientific American, vol. 298, pp. 82-87, 2008.
[2] Z.L. Wang and J.H. Song “Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays”, Science, vol. 312, pp. 242-246, 2006.
[3] X.D. Wang, J.H. Song J. Liu, and Z.L. Wang “Direct current nanogenerator driven by ultrasonic wave”, Science, vol. 316, pp. 102-105, 2007.
[4] R.S. Yang, Y. Qin, L.M. Dai and Z.L. Wang “Flexible charge-pump for power generation using laterally packaged piezoelectric-wires”, Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 4, pp. 34-39, 2009.
[5] S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y.G. Wei, R.S. Yang, Z.L. Wang “Self-powered Nanowire Devices”, Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 5, pp. 366-373, 2010.
[6] G. Zhu, R.S. Yang, S.H. Wang, and Z.L. Wang “Flexible High-Output Nanogenerator Based on Lateral ZnO Nanowire Array”, Nano Letters, vol. 10, pp. 3151-3155, 2010.
[7] Y.F. Hu, Y. Zhang, C. Xu, G. Zhu and Z.L. Wang “High output nanogenerator by rational unipolar-assembly of conical-nanowires and its application for driving a small liquid crystal display”, Nano Letters, 10 (2010) 5025-5031.
[8] Z.L. Wang “Piezopotential gated nanowire devices: Piezotronics and piezo-phototronics”, Nano Today, 5 (2010) 540.
[9] J. Zhou, P. Fei, Y.D. Gu, W.J. Mai, Y.F. Gao, R.S. Yang, G. Bao, Z.L. Wang, “Piezoelectric-potential-controlled polarity-reversible Schottky diodes and switches of ZnO wires”, Nano Lett. Vol. 8, vol. 3973–3977, 2008.
About speaker:
王中林博士是佐治亚理工学院,Hightower终身讲席教授, 终身校董事教授 (Regents’ Professor),工学院杰出讲席教授(COE Distinguished Professor)。王教授是中国科学院外籍院士,欧洲科学院院士，曾荣获了美国显微镜学会 1999年巴顿奖章﹐佐治亚理工学院2000和2005年杰出研究奖﹐2005年Sigma Xi 学会持续研究奖，2001年S.T.Li奖金(美国)﹐2009年美国陶瓷学会Purdy奖，美国自然科学基金会CAREER基金﹐中国首批国家自然科学基金会海外优秀青年科学家基金，教育部“长江”特聘讲席教授。王教授是美国物理学会fellow, 美国显微学会fellow，美国科学发展协会(AAAS) fellow，美国材料学会 fellow。王教授目前是国家纳米科学中心海外主任，武汉光电国家实验室海外主任，佐治亚理工和北京大学联合学位办学美方代表。王教授已在国际一流刊物上发表了660篇论文（其中二十篇发表在美国《科学》，英国《自然》和子期刊上）﹐二十项专利，四本专著和二十本编辑书籍和会议文集。他已被邀请做过650多次学术讲演和大会特邀报告。他的学术论文已被引用四万次以上。他论文被引用的H因子(h-index)是95。王中林是国际纳米科技领域具有重要学术影响的科学家。他的研究具有原创性，前瞻性和引领性。他最近的工作主要集中在纳米能源技术，纳米传感器和压电电子学器件的原理和应用。
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