报告摘要：

The lecture summarizes the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. It shows how non equilibrium allows to overpass the standard rules of equilibrium thermodynamics and produce "counter nature" phenomena like coupled and oscillating reactions that have allowed the emergence of life [1].

It describes the constructive role of entropy in nonequilibrium situations and tackles the difficult question of extreme sensibility to initial conditions [2]. Verhulst's famous logistic model of population (1844) serves as the basis of interpretation of the simplest auto-catalytic chemical reaction: A+X2X. Belousov-Zhabotinski (BZ) oscillating reactions (1950), Prigogine's dissipative structures (1955-1970), Lorenz's strange attractors (1963), May's pitchfork bifurcations (1975), deterministic chaos and fractal geometry are shortly presented in this framework as the normal consequences of nonlinearities [3]. The lecture is exemplified by many examples selected in the field of chemistry [4].

 

References:

[1] J.M. André, Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics, Bifurcations, Dissipative Structures and Evolution,

    Revue des questions scientifiques, 177, 323-346 (2006).

[2] J.M. André, Une introduction à la théorie du chaos déterministe appliquée à la chimie,

    Chimie nouvelle, 18, 3151-3161 (2000).

[3] J.M André, Chaos and chemistry: Simple models to understand chaos in chemistry.

    in Computational Materials Science, J. Leszczynski, Ed., p. 1-29, Elsevier (2004).