There are abundant supplies of biomass feedstock available for bio fuel production. Current technologies are available to convert starchy biomass to ethanol fuel and vegetable oil to biodiesel. However, technologies for converting lignocellulosic materials to biofuels are less mature or lacking. We are currently developing thermochemical processes to convert lignocellulosic agriculutural residues to bioenergy in the form of liquid orgaseous fuels. In this presentation, we will present our recent work on innovative processes such as microwave pyrolysis and high pressure liquefaction of biomass to produce hydrogen-rich gases and liquid fuels. Future research to improve and scale up these processes will be discussed.