In recent years, hyperpolarized noble gases (3He or 129Xe) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a promising new imaging modality to investigate and evaluate the structure and function of pulmonary system with a great potential for clinical applications.  In this seminar, we will review the technical challenges, clinical applications and newest developments for the hyperpolarized noble gases MRI. First, we will introduce the hyperpolarized gases MRI, including comparing conventional MRI with hyperpolarized gases MRI, hyperpolarized gas MRI protocol and the gases properties: 3He and 129Xe. After that, we will discuss evaluating the lung function and structure with 3He. Finally, we will discuss the application with gases exchanges using 129Xe. Some important clinical application in different lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma and secondhand-smoking will also be discussed.