【Abstract】Low-cost MEMS inertial sensors remain challenging, regarding turn-on to turn-on inertial sensor error variations. To overcome this problem several proposed emerging inertial sensor technologies are discussed. Lessons learnt from global navigation satellite system receiver operations suggest upgrades like vector tracking loops or advanced external aiding, but the Achilles’ heel of satellite navigation remains to be signal strength. Thus protection of the satellite signal reception are and remain to be of utmost importance. In satellite navigation denied areas robust aiding alternatives from classical platform-based measurements to the recently proposed signals-of-opportunity need to be (re-)considered. Multi-sensor data fusion for operational integrated navigation systems require the identification of all sensor, model and measurement errors. A well-tuned navigation filter serves for both a best possible navigation (error) state estimate and integrity monitoring. Navigation laboratory and research platforms are required for concept development and experimentation. Related research areas are proposed for future cooperation.