Quark Matter is a new state of matter which existed in the early universe until about 10 microseconds after the big bang. In this state the hadrons are all dissolved and the quarks and gluons are deconfined. We review how this state of matter is formed over a large space-time volume in a fireball in Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider LHC. The initially very hot and dense fireball expands collectively and its properties can be diagnosed with tomographic and hydrodynamic concepts. Particle production at the phase boundary between quark matter and hadronic matter (baryons and mesons) leads to a thermodynamic state with which can be compared with predictions from Quantum Chromodynamics.  Analysis of hadron spectra and multiplicities (including  quarkonia and hadrons containing heavy quarks) provides information on the quark matter phase boundary and on the degree of deconfinement reached. Future opportunities with the full energy and high luminosity collisions at the LHC will be discussed.

个人简介: Prof. Peter Braun-Munzinger is a world leading physicist in high energy nuclear physics. He obtained Ph. D degree at University of Heidelberg, 1972. He became full professor in State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1982, a Leading Scientist in GSI and Professor in Technical University Darmstadt from 1996 to 2011, Helmholtz Professor at GSI from 2011 to 2014, Honorar Professor from University of Heidelberg since2014, Chair of ALICE collaboration board since 2011, Supervisory Editor of Nucl. Phys. A. He was awarded as the Fellow of the “Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes” in 1970, the Fellow of American Physical Society in 1994. He received the Prize of the Polish Ministry of Science in 2003, the Werner Heisenberg Medal of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in 2008, APS Outstanding Referee in 2010, the Elected Member of Academia Europaea in 2011 and the Lise Meitner Prize of the European Physical Society in 2014.